ࡱ> '` \8bjbjDD 5&&/"("("(8Z(&)tX?,):))))***>>>>>>>$@hB>*****>))?000*))>0*>00r:T;)) Nt'"(-:>(?0X?:Cq/C;;8C;0***>>G0X***X?****$""("(  What is the status of children in our legal system? What are the legal and psychosocial principles that govern the creation, regulation, and termination of the relationship between children and their parents? What distinguishes a child from an embryo or a fetus? Who is a "parent"? How do the rights of children differ from those of adults? Does the State have an obligation to protect the liberty, privacy, and autonomy interests of children? How should the law resolve conflicts between childrens "best interests" and "parental rights"? How should the law treat adoptive, foster, psychological or de facto parents as distinguished from biogenetic parents or sperm and egg providers? Should the law treat children equally without regard to the circumstances of their birth and without regard to the marital status, gender or sexual orientation of their parents? Can the social sciences as well as the law enhance our understanding of these issues? This course explores the historical, common law, statutory, and constitutional antecedents of the doctrines of childrens rights, "parental autonomy," "parens patriae"and best interests in the context of disputes about legal parentage, the use of assisted reproductive technologies, domestic and intercountry adoption, the status of children raised by same sex parents,adolescents access to health care, and childrens quest for identity and citizenship. Some specific case files and appellate briefs are studied in detail in order to understand the distinctive challenges faced by lawyers who represent children in a variety of administrative and judicial proceedings. There will be a take-home exam or paper. With the instructors permission, students may be able to work on their Writing Requirements in conjunction with this course. The cases and other reading materials will be posted on the Resources page of the Law 281.3 b-space website and some of them will also be distributed in class. There is no required casebook, but you may want to purchase a new or used paperback copy of Families by Law: An Adoption Reader, ed. Cahn & Hollinger (NYU 2004). Several Children and the Law casebooks and treatises will be on Reserve in the Law Library and Prof. Hollingers treatise, Adoption Law & Practice is available on Reserve and through Lexis: Reading assignments will generally be in the order indicated below. HOWEVER, they are subject to change as students express an interest in exploring some topics more than others. Prof. Hollinger is in Boalt 465; 642-1419; Jhollinger@law.berkeley.edu Office Hours: Tuesday 3:00-5:00 p.m. and by appointment I. Introduction: Socioeconomic Profile of Our Children and Their Families **Please read  HYPERLINK "https://bspace.berkeley.edu/access/content/group/5a88f47f-8fd9-47c6-9e81-fd9b9d8c90ee/Children:%20Socioeconomic%20Data/childstats.2009-1.doc" \t "_blank" Childstats.2010 Highlights and skim some of the other socioeconomic and demographic data on children and families posted on the Resources page of the b-space website for LAW 281.3 in the folder, CHILDREN: SOCIOECONOMIC DATA. These background materials will be useful throughout the course.** II. Allocating Power among Parents, Children, and the State: The Commonlaw Tradition These cases are in the Commonlaw Parentage folder: Chapsky v. Wood (Kansas, 1881) In re Livingston (App. Div. New York, 1912) In re Bistany (New York, 1924) Painter v. Bannister (Iowa, 1966) and Notes Anna Freud, Postscript to Painter by Psychoanalyst (1968) Excerpts from Goldstein, Freud, & Solnit, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child and from GFSs Critics Scarpetta v. Spence-Chapin (New York, 1971) Bennett v. Jeffreys (New York, 1976) III. Allocating Power among Parents, Children, and the State: The Constitutional Tradition We will read and discuss the excerpts from these cases in the following order: Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923) Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925) Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Comm. School Dist., 393 U.S. (1969) Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002) Parham v. J.R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979) & Notes Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000) Suggested: In re Marriage of Harris (Cal. Sup. Ct. 2004) Hiller v. Fausey (Pa Sup Ct 2006) Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972) Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U.S. 622 (1979) Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of New England, 126 S.Ct 961 (2006) Guttmacher Institute Materials on Adolescent Access to Abortion & Contraception Several State court decisions and additional research summaries IV. Establishing the Parent-Child Relationship A. The Role of Marriage Excerpts from Blackstone Materials and cases on the Marital Presumption for determining parentage The legal and social transformation of illegitimate and bastard children into children born out-of-wedlock or non-marital children Excerpts from U.S. Supreme Court illegitimacy cases B. Contemporary Proposals for Determining Parentage: Presumed or Intentional Parentage Versus Biogenetic Parentage Uniform Parentage Act(s) of 1970s AND revised UPA of 2002 [b-space: statutes folder] Hollinger analysis of proposed UPA ALI Principles 2.03 and Notes Marsha Garrison, Law Making for Baby-Making, HLR 2000 ABA Model Act (2008) C. Determining Who is a "Father" Michael H. v. Gerald D., 491 U.S. 110 (1989) & Notes Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001) In re Nicholas H. (Cal.2002) Federal child support enforcement laws and Voluntary Acknowledgments of Paternity (VAP); Cal VAP provisions Status of sperm donors: In re K.M.H. (KS 2007) Hollinger amicus brief for Family Law Profs Buzzanca v. Buzzanca, Cal. Ct. App. 1998) Robert B. v. Susan B. (Cal. Ct. App. 2003) D. Determining Who is a "Mother" In re Baby M. (N.J.1988) J.H.Hollinger, "Baby M., Lawyers, and Legal Education," 37 Buffalo L. Rev. 675 (1989) Intentional Parentage and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Johnson v. Calvert (Cal. 1993) In re C.K. G. (Tenn. 2005) Excerpts from more recent decisions Perry-Rogers v. Fasano (NY App Div 2000) and other mistakecases Suggested Readings on b-space Resources page: Liza Mundy, Souls on Ice: Americas Embryo Glut (Aug 2006) Lorraine Ali & Raina Kelley, Wives of U.S. soldiers earn living as surrogates, Newsweek, April 2008 Alex Kuczynski, Her Body, My Baby, NY Times Mag., Nov 30, 2008 Heather Won Tesoriero, Infertile Couples Head Overseas for Treatments, Wall St J, Feb 19, 200 Amelia Gentleman, India Nurtures Business Of Surrogate Motherhood, NY Times, March 10, 2008 at A9 Elizabeth Weil, The Rights of Reproduction: Does Everyone Have the Right to Have A Baby? July 1, 2006 New York Times Series on 21st Century Babies (2010) Guardianship: What It Is and What It Is Not The Saga of Phillip B. (Cal Ct App 1983) and Notes Guardianship of Zachary H. (Cal Ct App 1999) Cal Fam Code S. 3041 F. DeFacto and Pscyhological Parents and the Relevance of Sexual Orientation Alison D. v. Virginia M. (NY 1991) Holtzman v. Knott (Wisc 1995) V.C. v. M.J.B. (N.J. 2000) West v. Lockrem (Cal App Ct 1997) White v. White (Mo App Ct 2009) The three California Supreme Court dual-legal-mother cases: Childrens Advocacy Organizations amicus brief Elisa B; In re Kristine H; K.M. v. E.G. (Cal. 2005) AND Charisma R. v. Kristina S. (Cal App Ct 2009) Suggested Readings on b-space Resources page: David Meyer, ALI Parentage Proposals and Why They are Constitutional American Academy of Pediatrics, Effects of Marriage, Domestic Partnership, and Civil Union Laws on Health and Well-Being of Children (2006) J.Stacey & T.Biblarz, (How) Does the Sexual Orientation of Parents Matter (2001) The Revolution in Parenthood: The Institute for American Values & other conservative organizations' paper on "why children need two married heterosexual parents" Michael Wald, Adults' Sexual Orientation and State Determinations Regarding Placement Of Children, 40 Fam. L.Q. 381 (2006) Expert Report of Michael Lamb, Perry v. Schwarzenneger (2010) Additional materials in Folder on Sexual Orientation and Parenting V. Adoption Overview: Excerpts from Families by Law Parts I, II, V J.H. Hollinger, Characteristics of Adoptive Families B. The Requirement of Parental Consent Tyler v. Childrens Home Socty (Cal App Ct 1994) Vela v. Marywood (Tex 2000) Status of unwed fathers in adoption proceedings: Stanley v. Illinois (US 1972) Quilloin v. Walcott (US 1978) Caban v. Mohammed (US 1979) Lehr v. Robertson (US 1983) California: Kelsey (Cal 1992) and Adoption of Michael H. (Cal 1995) Remedies for a thwarted parent? Bridget R. excerpt (Cal App 1996) Uniform Adoption Act (1994) Art 2 & 5 In re Doe (Ill 1994) and aftermath Baby Jessica (Iowa and Michigan 1992-1994) Putative Father registries David Meyer, The Faultless Father C. Who May Adopt? The Challenge of Determining Parental Suitability Excerpts from Bartholet, UAA, Brian Gill, Child Welfare League Sharon S. v. Superior Court of San Diego Co., 31 Cal. 4th 417; 73 P.3d 554 (2003) Adoption of M.A. (ME 2007) Boseman v. Jarrell (NC 2010appeal pending) Lofton v. Sec'y of the Dep't of Children & Family Servs., 358 F.3d 804, 2004 U.S. App. Lexis 1383 (11th Cir. Fla., 2004), pet. rehearg en banc denied, July 21, 2004. J.H. Hollinger, Sexual Orientation as A Factor in Adoptive Placements (2004) Florida: Gill case & CWLA amicus brief  HYPERLINK "http://www.aclufl.org/Gill/dca.cfm" http://www.aclufl.org/Gill/dca.cfm Suggested: Background readings on sexual orientation and parenting [see above IV.F] D. Open Adoption Adoption of Vito (Mass 2000) Hollinger, Overview of Post-Adoption Contact Statutes and Policies Liza Mundy, Open Secrets, Wash. Post, 2007 Maggie Jones, Searching for Birthparents in Intercountry Adoption, NYT Mag (Oct 29, 2007) Suggested: Ted Uno, Dividing the Child Special Issue: Openness in Adoption, 10 Adoption Quarterly (2007) E. Access to Original Birth Certificates & Adoption Records E, Wayne Carp, The Sealed Adoption records Controversy in Historical Perspective Doe v. Sundquist (6th Cir 1997) Hollinger, ed. Adoption Law & Practice App 13 Uniform Adoption Act Art 6 Donaldson Adoption Institute Report 2010 Bastard Nation proposals:  HYPERLINK "http://www.bastards.org/search/" http://www.bastards.org/search/ F. Full Faith and Credit for Adoption Decrees Davenport v. Little-Browser (VA 2005) Hollinger, Amicus Brief in Davenport case Russell v. Bridgens (Neb. 2002) Finstuen v. Oklahoma (USCA 10th Cir 2006) Embry v. Ryan (Fla Ct App 2009) Hollinger & Woodhouse Amicus Brie FF&C Amicus Brief: Chemerinsky et al. In re Sebastian (NY Surr. 2009) Adar v Smith (5th Cir 2010) Suggested: Rhonda Wasserman, Are You Still My Mother? (2008) G. Interstate Recognition of Other Parentage Presumptions and Court Orders The Ongoing Saga of the Miller-Jenkins case in Vermont and Virgina D.C. DeFacto Parents statute Delaware amendment to UPA of 2002 Does federal DOMA override the PKPA and UCCJEA? [We may have a joint meeting with Prof. Kays Conflict of Law class] VI. Beyond U.S. Borders: Intercountry Adoption and Citizenship Issues Excerpts from Bartholet, Oreskovic & Maskew, and Smolin articles The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (2003) and updates U.S. Intercountry Act (2000) and Child Citizenship Act (2000) and Federal Regs Hollinger, U.S. Ratification of Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (ALP ch. 11.07) Overview of Intercountry Adoption (ALP ch. 11.01) Documentary: Goodbye, Baby (2003-04) E.Larsen, Did I Steal My Daughter? (2007) Case Study: Obtaining adoption and citizenship for Haitian children admitted to the U.S. through Humanitarian Parole #####     Law 281.3 Children and the Law Prof. Joan H. 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