David A. Sklansky

Cases, Commentary, and Problems

3. Hearsay

   1. The Basic Rule and Its Rationale

      1. Introduction

         Trial of Sir Walter Raleigh

                   [More about the trial]

                   [More about Raleigh]

                   [More about Coke]

         Leake v. Hagert  

         McCormick on Evidence

         Laurence H. Tribe, Triangulating Hearsay

         Problem

      2. Nonhearsay Uses of Out-of-Court Statements

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(c)

         Lyons Partnership v. Morris Costumes, Inc.

                   [Barney Online]

         United States v. Parry

         Subramaniam v. Public Prosecutor

                   [More about the Privy Council]

                   [More about Malaysian history]

         United States v. Johnson

         United States v. Jefferson

         United States v. Saavedra

         Hanson v. Johnson

         Creaghe v. Iowa Home Mutual Casualty Co.

         United States v. Montana

         Problems

      3. Implied Assertions

         United States v. Zenni 

         Laurence H. Tribe, Triangulating Hearsay

         Problems

   2. Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule

      Laurence H. Tribe, Triangulating Hearsay   

      Advisory Committee Note to Article VIII of the F.R.E.

      1. Prior Statements by Witnesses 

         Albert v. McKay & Co. 

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(1)

         Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee  

         Report of the Conference Committee  

         Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee  

         United States v. Owens 

         Problems

      2. Admissions by Party-Opponents

         1. Direct Admissions

            1. Generally 

               Salvitti v. Throppe 

               Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)

               Edmund Morgan, Admissions 

               United States v. McGee 

               McCormick on Evidence 

               United States v. Phelps 

            2. Admissions and Multiple Hearsay

               Reed v. McCord 

               Foster v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 

               Stephen A. Saltzburg, Michael M. Martin & Daniel J. Capra, Federal Rules of Evidence Manual 

            3. Admissions and Completeness

               Beech Aircraft Corp. v. Rainey 

               Problems

         2. Adoptive Admissions

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)(B)

            United States v. Fortes 

            Southern Stone Co. v. Singer 

         3. Authorized Admissions

            Hanson v. Waller 

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)(C)

            Problem

         4. Agent and Employee Admissions

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)(D)

            Mahlandt v. Wild Canid Survival & Research Center, Inc. 

                     [More about the Wild Canid Survival & Research Center]

            Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. Lozen International, LLC

            Problems

         5. Co-Conspirator Admissions

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)(E)

            Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee

            Joseph H. Levie, Hearsay and Conspiracy

            Bourjaily v. United States 

            Advisory Committee Note to 1997 Amendment to F.R.E. 801(d)(2)

            Problem

      3. Spontaneous and Contemporaneous Statements

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803

         United States v. Obayagbona 

         State v. Lee 

         Bemis v. Edwards 

         United States v. Elem 

         Graham C. Lilly, An Introduction to the Law of Evidence

         Robert M. Hutchins & Donald Slesinger, Some Observations on the Law of Evidence

         Jon R. Waltz, The Present-Sense Impression Exception to the Rule Against Hearsay: Origins and Attributes

         Richard D. Friedman & Bridget McCormack, Dial-in Testimony

         Problems

      4. State of Mind

         1. Generally

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(3)

            United States v. Harris 

         2. The Hillmon Doctrine

            Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hillmon 

            Brooks W. MacCracken, The Case of the Anonymous Corpse

            Shepard v. United States 

            [More about the Shepard case]

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(3)

            Report of the House Judiciary Committee

         3. United States v. Houlihan 

            Problems

      5. Injury Reports 

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(4)

         United States v. Joe 

         Problems

      6. Recorded Recollection

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(5)

         Fisher v. Swartz 

         United States v. Riccardi 

         Problem

      7. Business Records

         1. Generally

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(6)

            State v. Acquisto 

            Advisory Committee Note to the 2000 Amendment to F.R.E. 803(6)

         2. Qualifying "Businesses"

            Report of the House Judiciary Committee

            Report of the Conference Committee

            Keogh v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 

            United States v. Gibson

         3. Qualifying Records

            Palmer v. Hoffman 

            Lewis v. Baker 

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(6)

         4. Sources of Information

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(6)

            Wilson v. Zapata Off-Shore Co. 

            Grogg v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. 

         5. Absence of Record

            Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(7)

            United States v. Gentry 

            Problem

      8. Public Records

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 803(8)

         Beech Aircraft Corp. v. Rainey 

         United States v. Oates 

         United States v. Sokolow 

         United States v. Brown 

         United States v. Orozco 

      9. Former Testimony

         Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 804

         Roger C. Park, David P. Leonard & Steven H. Goldberg, Evidence Law

         United States v. Bollin

         Kirk v. Raymark Industries, Inc.

         Clay v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp. 

         Glen Weissenberger, The Former Testimony Hearsay Exception: A Study in Rulemaking, Judicial Revisionism, and the Separation of Powers

         United States v. Salerno 

         Problems

      10. Dying Declarations

          McCormick on Evidence

          Shepard v. United States 

          United States v. Sacasas 

          Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 804(b)(2)

          Report of the House Judiciary Committee

      11. Declarations Against Interest

          Advisory Committee Note to F.R.E. 804(b)(3)

          Report of the House Judiciary Committee

          Williamson v. United States 

          Problems

      12. Forfeiture by Wrongdoing

          Advisory Committee Note to 1997 Amendment to F.R.E. 804

          United States v. Peoples 

      13. Residual Exception

          Advisory Committee Note to Rule 807

          Glen Weissenberger & James J. Duane, Federal Rules of Evidence

          United States v. Laster 

          G. Michael Fenner, The Residual Exception to the Hearsay Rule: The Complete Treatment

      14. Review: Hearsay Questions From the Multistate Bar Examination

   3. Hearsay and the Constitution

      1. Hearsay and Confrontation

         Idaho v. Wright 

         White v. Illinois 

         Maryland v. Craig 

         Richard D. Friedman, The Conundrum of Children, Confrontation, and Hearsay

      2. The Bruton Rule

         Bruton v. United States

         Gray v. Maryland

         Lilly v. Virginia

      3. Due Process and Chambers

         Chambers v. Mississippi 

         Fortini v. Murphy